Ophthalmology and Vision Science

Astigmatism

Ideally, an eyeball is shaped like a perfectly round ball. Light comes into it and bends evenly, which gives you a clear view. But if your eye is shaped more like a football, light gets bent more in one direction than another. That means only part of an object is in focus. Things at a distance may look blurry and wavy. It’s common to have astigmatism along with near sightedness (myopia) or farsightedness (hyperopia). These three conditions are called refractive errors because they involve how your eyes bend (refract) light.

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  Phoropter


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  Keratometer/topographer


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  Autorefractor